Electromagnet and armature.



No. 784,456. PATENTED MAR. v, 1905.

J. WEBER. 4

ELEGTROMAGNET AND ARMATURE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 1. 1900. RENEWED AUG. 31, 1904 I vwantoz I Jase 5h775627 UNITED STATES Patented March '7, 1805,

PATENT OFEIc-E.

JOSEPH WEBER, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

ELECTROMAGN ET AND ARMATURE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 784,456, dated March'7, 1905.

Application filed May 1,1900. Renewed August 31. 1904. Serial No.222,903.

.To all whom, it TIMI/y concern:

Be it known that I. J osEPn WEBER, a citizen of the United States,residing in Brooklyn borough, in the county of Kings and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in lllectromagnets and Armatures; and I do hereby declare the following tobe afull, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as willenable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and usethe same.

The object of my invention is to produce improvements in electromagnetsand armatures whereby the el'liciency of an electromagnet or pluralityof electromagnets in producing movement of an armature is augmented andwhereby a plurality of electromagnets may be enabled to act upon acommon armature with economy of space and with equal distribution ofpower among the individual electromagnets.

Heretofore a common armature adapted to be actuated by a plurality ofelectromagnets has been mounted so as to swing in a plane parallel toits longitudinal axis, one end of the armature acting as a fulcrum orfixed support and the other end performing the required movement. Thisarrangement is objectionable both because of unnecessary space requiredfor the sweep of the armature and because since the magnets attract thearmatu re unequally, owing to the unequal distance between the armatureand the magnets, re spectively, the greatest eflieieney of the severalmagnets is not rendered available, espe cially for producing the initialmovement of the armature. By my invention the armature is movablysupported upon an edge parallel to its longitudinal axis and preferablyin such juxtaposition to the several magnets of which it is the armatureas to utilize equally the efliciency of the several magnets throughoutits entire movement. The are of movement of the free edge of my armaturebeing necessarily limited in proportion to the size of theelectromagnets l contemplate the employment upon such an armature of anarm extending at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the armature. Thisarm may be obliquely disposed to the armature or at any preferred anglethereto.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of threesets of electromagnets equipped with my improved armature and assembledfor the purpose of illustration with three keys of a musical instrumentwhich the ari'natures are designed to operate respectively. Fig. 2 is afront end view of the subject-matter of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 illustrates anend view of an armature, showing a modified manner of assembling thesame with respect to a magnet. Figs. at and 5 illustrate, respectively,further modifications of the subject-matter of Fig. 3. Fig. 6illustrates an armature-supoorting collar adapted to be applied to anelectromagnet-core for operatively assembling my armature with respectthereto. Fig. 7 illustrates in per spec tive an electromagnet and aportion of its armature, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Referring to the numerals on the drawings, 1, 2, and 3 illustrate aplurality of electromagnets adapted to actuate a common armature 4,three sets of magnets and three armatures common to the respective setsbeing shown. The individuals of each set of magnets are assembled so asto bringtheir respective axes into a common plane. Their cores may be,for example, secured to a bar 5 for that purpose. As illustrated inFigs. 1 and 2, the magnets are shown as adapted to operate keys 6 of amusical instrun'ient, the bars being assembled above the keys atsuitable distances and provided with upturned terminals 7, by which theymay be secured to a part of the frame of the instrument. Each of thearmatures is shown as provided with an arm 8, projecting at an anglefrom the armature and operatively connected with its appropriate key, asby a connecting-piece 9.

The illustration of the application of my invention to a musicalinstrument is made solely for the purpose of exemplifying one of itsutilities, and the means of assembling the electromagnets and the modeor purpose of utilizing the movement of the armature have no directbearing upon my present invention set forth in this application.

From a comparison of Figs. 1 and 2 it may be understood that myinvention consists, essentially, in pivotally mounting an ari'natureupon an axis parallel to its longitudinal axis and in operativeproximity to the core of an electromagnet, whereby the energizing of themagnet will produce movement of the armature upon its pivot. I prefer toprovide the pivotal support for an armature upon or near the outer edgesof the faces of the cores of the magnets, it being assumed that the freeor unsupported edge of the armature is normally sustained by suitablemeans out of contact with the cores of the magnets, but is adapted to beattracted toward them by the energizing of the magnets, and thereby toproduce the required movement of the armature. In the drawings thearmatures are sustained in the position described by their connectionwith the keys (3, respectively, the keys being, as is usual in keyedmusical instruments, balanced or spring-supported in determinatepositions.

A variety of means may be employed for pivotally supporting the armaturein proper relations with respect to the core or cores of its magnet ormagnets. For instance, in Figs. 1, 2, and 7 each core 10 is shown asprovided at one edge with a nob or projection 11, which fits into acorresponding recess 12 near that edge of the armature which is designedto be pivotally supported. It is not, however, essential that the edgeof the armature and the edge of the core should exactly make contact.For example, in Fig. 3 an electromagnet 1a is provided upon its top witha standard 15, to which, as by a pintle l6, thearmature 17 is pivotedwithin operative relations to the core 18. in Fig. 4 a magnet 20,provided with a core 21, is provided with a recess in its face toaccommodate a projection 22 upon the bottom of the armature 23. In Fig.5 a magnet 24: is shown as provided with a core 25. beyond the outeredge of which projects a pin 26 parallel to its axis, the armature 27being provided with a beveled edge 28, which works in the angle betweenthe pin 26 and the face of the core 25. The pin 26 may be provided uponthe core, as by means of a collar 29, (shown in Fig. 6,) which may beshrunk upon or otherwise secured to the core, the end of which may bereduced, if desired, to accommodate it.

in the foregoing specification it is assumed that the several magnetsare provided with the usual coils for transmitting electrical el'iergyand are connected in circuit with a suitable source of such energy.There being nothing novel in the construction of the magnets. itisunnecessary to illustrate or describe in detail their structure orrelative assemblage in electric circuit. Suliice it to say in thisconnection that by the making and breaking of each circuit each set ofmagnets in the circuit is adapted alternately to attract and releasetheir respective armatures, and by reason of the fact that the armaturebears the same relative position to the core of each of theelectromagnets of a set each of the magnets therefore operates upon itat the same time with equal intensity, proportionate, of course, to therespective powers of the magnets.

\Vhat 1 claim is 1. The combination with an electromagnet, of adisconnected armature loosely mounted upon the core of a magnet, tooscillate about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of thearmature, a projection on one part and a cooperating member operativelyarranged with relation to the said projection for pivotally engaging thearmature and core at their points of connection, as set forth.

2. The combination with an electromagnet, of a disconnected armatureloosely mounted upon the core of the magnet to oscillate about an axisparallel to the longitudinal axis of the armature, an arm projecting atan angle from the armature and a detachable pivotal connection betweenthe armature and core to one side of the axial center of the core.

3. The combination with an electron'iagnet, of a disconnected armatureloosely mounted upon the core of the magnet to oscillate about an axisparallel to the longitudinal axis of the armature, an arm projecting atan angle from the armature and a detachable pivotal connection betweenthe armature and core to one side of the axial center of the core andparallel with said core, and a connection between a lateral offset ofthe armature and its appro priate key.

In testimony whereof l a'liix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

J ()SEPI l \VEBICH.

\Vitnesses:

R. V. SAwYuR, (J. A. Scunossua.

